Musculoskeletal (muscles and joints)

The Effects of Preterm Birth on Musculoskeletal Health-Related Disorders
Adults born preterm have lower peripheral skeletal muscle area and strength
The association of preterm birth and small for gestational age with recurrent multisite musculoskeletal pain during early and middle adulthood — The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

Associations of preterm birth and neonatal stress exposure with chronic pain in adulthood – Results from the Gutenberg prematurity study

This retrospective cohort study didn’t find a link between premature birth or perinatal stress and adult chronic pain, but did find higher instances when there was maternal smoking during the pregnancy. Click here to read the full article.

Tesarz, J., et al., 2024. Associations of preterm birth and neonatal stress exposure with chronic pain in adulthood – Results from the Gutenberg prematurity study, 187 (111943)

Central and Peripheral Mechanisms of Low Exercise Capacity in Prematurely Born Adults